摘要: 原標(biāo)題:卷不動(dòng)了 研究生學(xué)歷貶值的速度在加速! 今天我們就來(lái)讀一篇相關(guān)的外刊文章,來(lái)自《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》,標(biāo)題為Higher education:Diminishing returns(高等教育
原標(biāo)題:卷不動(dòng)了 研究生學(xué)歷貶值的速度在加速!
今天我們就來(lái)讀一篇相關(guān)的外刊文章,來(lái)自《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》,標(biāo)題為Higher education:Diminishing returns(高等教育:收益遞減),非常直截了當(dāng)?shù)挠^點(diǎn)??磥?lái),并不是只有國(guó)內(nèi)的研究生學(xué)歷貶值,英美兩國(guó)的碩士教育也在面臨挑戰(zhàn)。
接下來(lái),我會(huì)截取文章的部分內(nèi)容進(jìn)行精讀分析。
For young people with big ambitions,bagging a measly bachelor’s degree no longer seems enough.Students in America have been rushing into postgraduate courses,even as demand for higher education among the general public has declined.These days nearly 40%of university-educated Americans boast at least two degrees.In Britain a surge in demand from foreign students has created a huge boom in postgraduate education.Universities there now dole out four postgraduate qualifications for every five undergraduate ones.
Master’s degrees lasting one or two years are the biggest draw.These courses are necessary for jobs,such as teaching in academia,that are appealing even if poorly paid.Yet many of the people who enroll in postgraduate study are taking part in an educational arms race.Now that undergraduate degrees are common,goes the thinking,it takes extra credentials to get ahead.The hope is that advanced qualifications will boost all manner of careers.
That is often a mistake.New data are helping researchers compare the earnings of postgraduates with those of peers who are equally bright but have only a bachelor’s degree.One analysis suggests that more than 40%of America’s master’s courses provide graduates with no financial return or leave them worse off,after considering costs and what they might have earned anyway.A study in Britain concludes that completing a master’s has,on average,almost no effect on earnings by the time graduates are 35.
外刊精讀
For young people with big ambitions,bagginga measlybachelor’s degree no longer seems enough.Students in America have been rushing intopostgraduate courses,even as demand for higher education among the general public has declined.
對(duì)于胸懷大志的年輕人來(lái)說(shuō),僅僅獲得一個(gè)不起眼的學(xué)士學(xué)位似乎已經(jīng)不夠了。即使大眾對(duì)高等教育的需求有所下降,美國(guó)的學(xué)生們?nèi)栽跔?zhēng)相攻讀研究生課程。
ambition:野心;抱負(fù)
ambition這個(gè)詞大家肯定不陌生,英文釋義為the desire or determination to be successful,rich,powerful,etc.(變得成功、富有、強(qiáng)大等等的渴望或決心)。它原本是古羅馬時(shí)期的一個(gè)政治術(shù)語(yǔ),指政客四處奔走發(fā)表演說(shuō)拉選票的行為,以實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的政治抱負(fù),現(xiàn)在多用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)人追求成功、努力奮斗的雄心壯志。
常見(jiàn)的搭配有pursue one's ambition(追求個(gè)人的抱負(fù)或目標(biāo)),fulfill one's ambition(實(shí)現(xiàn)個(gè)人的抱負(fù)或目標(biāo))等等。
來(lái)看一個(gè)美劇Game of Thrones《權(quán)力的游戲》中的例子:
-I will open Qarth to the world as I have forced it toopen itself to me.
-Your ambitionis an inspiration.But like all upstarts,you overreach.Three dragons the size of cats and an alliance witha charlatando not make you a king.
在這個(gè)例句中,還有幾個(gè)值得關(guān)注的語(yǔ)言點(diǎn):
force sb/sth to do sth:強(qiáng)迫某人/某物做某事;常用于描述一種強(qiáng)制性的行為,即某人或某物在外部壓力或影響下不得不做某事,比如The bad weather forced us to stay at home.(惡劣的天氣迫使我們待在家里。)
此外,compel、oblige、constrain、impose等詞匯,也可以用于描述類似的強(qiáng)制性行為,偉哥從使用層面來(lái)給大家辨析一下。
辨析:force/compel/oblige/constrain/impose
force:指用個(gè)人意志、權(quán)力、權(quán)威或暴力等,迫使他人改變看法或做本不愿做的事,強(qiáng)調(diào)一種直接且往往帶有強(qiáng)制性的行動(dòng);比如The kidnapper forced the victim to give him the password.(綁匪強(qiáng)迫受害者交出密碼。)
compel:指在法律、權(quán)力、力量或行動(dòng)等的驅(qū)使下被迫而為,強(qiáng)調(diào)一種由外部因素(如法律、權(quán)力等)導(dǎo)致的強(qiáng)迫行為;比如The law can compel fathers to make regular payments for their children.(這項(xiàng)法律可強(qiáng)制父親定期支付子女的費(fèi)用。)
oblige:強(qiáng)調(diào)出于道義、責(zé)任或禮貌等原因而迫使某人做某事,通常用于描述一種由內(nèi)在因素(如道德、責(zé)任等)導(dǎo)致的行為;比如I am obliged to help my neighbor with her groceries.(我有義務(wù)幫助鄰居搬運(yùn)雜貨。)
constrain:側(cè)重施加約束力或有約束作用的影響,也指環(huán)境對(duì)人強(qiáng)加的影響迫使人去做某事;比如Women are too often constrained by family commitments and by low expectations.(女性往往受到家庭責(zé)任和低期望值的束縛。)
impose:主要指征稅、強(qiáng)加或施加影響等,強(qiáng)調(diào)由外部權(quán)威或規(guī)定導(dǎo)致的行為;比如Britain imposed fines on airlines which bring in passengers without proper papers.(英國(guó)會(huì)對(duì)運(yùn)載證件不齊全的乘客進(jìn)入國(guó)內(nèi)的航空公司課以罰款。)
接著看例句中的語(yǔ)言點(diǎn):
inspiration:鼓舞人心的人或事物;常見(jiàn)的搭配有drive/draw/get inspiration(獲得靈感),比如Artists often drive inspiration from nature.(藝術(shù)家經(jīng)常從大自然中獲得靈感。)
upstart:暴發(fā)戶;作動(dòng)詞時(shí),upstart表示”突然跳起;使……崛起“,由此名詞含義引申為某人或某事物在短時(shí)間內(nèi)迅速崛起或發(fā)財(cái),要特別注意的是,upstart往往帶有貶義,暗示這些突然發(fā)財(cái)?shù)娜丝赡苋狈ι鐣?huì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)和地位,或者他們的財(cái)富來(lái)源可能并不正當(dāng)。
overreach:不自量力;這個(gè)詞很有意思,聽(tīng)過(guò)戀詞5500詞和7000詞課程的同學(xué)都知道,前綴over表示”過(guò)度;過(guò)分“,所以overreach可以理解為”伸的太遠(yuǎn)“,過(guò)度地到達(dá)或超出(自己的能力范圍、預(yù)期結(jié)果等),常用來(lái)描述某人在行動(dòng)或決策中因過(guò)于貪心、急躁或自信過(guò)度而導(dǎo)致的失敗或不良后果,比如overreach oneself【弄巧成拙、不自量力】。
alliance with:與……建立同盟;alliance的動(dòng)詞形式是ally,也可以與介詞with搭配使用,表示”與……聯(lián)合“,比如The two countries allied with each other to defend their borders.(這兩個(gè)國(guó)家相互結(jié)盟以保衛(wèi)他們的邊境。)
charlatan:假充內(nèi)行的人;騙子;詞根charlato含義是“吹牛者”,加上名詞后綴-an。這個(gè)詞與意大利的一座名為塞利托(Charlatan)的小城有關(guān),相傳這個(gè)小城充斥著江湖郎中,他們總是喋喋不休地宣揚(yáng)自己能治百病,其實(shí)都是信口開(kāi)河。
大家有沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)?美劇中一段短短的對(duì)話,就能拎出來(lái)這么多值得學(xué)習(xí)和積累的語(yǔ)言點(diǎn),所以偉哥一直很推薦同學(xué)們?nèi)タ锤鞣N劇集和電影,學(xué)到的都是最地道的英文表達(dá)和用法。
bag:把...裝進(jìn)袋子;占有
bag的名詞用法,大家應(yīng)該很熟悉了,在這里作為動(dòng)詞使用,英文釋義為to put sth into bags,指將物品放入袋子中的行為;還可以引申為to claim sth as yours before sb else claims it;to take sth before sb else can get it,在別人之前聲稱某物是你的,或是在別人得到之前拿走某物。
比如,He tried to bagthe last ticket for the concert.(他試圖搶先獲得音樂(lè)會(huì)的最后一張票。)
bag在俚語(yǔ)中可以表示掙錢(qián)或贏錢(qián)的行為,可以說(shuō)I baggeda lot of money tonight.(今晚我贏了很多錢(qián)。)。此外,還可以表示欺騙或使某人上當(dāng)?shù)男袨椤?/p>
measly:極少的,不足的
measly是一個(gè)GRE詞匯,英文釋義為very small in size or quantity;not enough,很好理解。measly用于形容數(shù)量、金額、規(guī)模等極少或微不足道,通常帶有貶義。
One poll this year found that almost one in three Americans say they may never retire.The majority of the Nevers said they could not afford to give up a full-time job,especially when inflation was eating into an already measlySocial Security cheque.
今年的一項(xiàng)民意調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),近三分之一的美國(guó)人表示他們可能永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)退休。大多數(shù)表示永不退休的人稱,他們無(wú)法承擔(dān)放棄全職工作的后果,尤其是當(dāng)通貨膨脹已經(jīng)削減了他們本已微薄的社保支票金額時(shí)。
好了,今天的精讀分析就到這里。剩下的內(nèi)容,同學(xué)們可以嘗試著自己翻譯,并留言到評(píng)論區(qū)。
原標(biāo)題:廣東一學(xué)生因白事凌晨請(qǐng)假,宿管未開(kāi)門(mén)放行,學(xué)校:正處理 11月24日
快資訊2024-11-25 19:00:34
原標(biāo)題:都11月了,秋招還有機(jī)會(huì)上岸嗎? 菌崽答:有! 許多應(yīng)屆生寶寶們可
快資訊2024-11-22 21:42:48
原標(biāo)題:這個(gè)神仙班級(jí),100%保研! 全班26人保研 100%保研率 這是什么神仙班級(jí)
快資訊2024-11-21 21:20:39
原標(biāo)題:北京5所民辦非學(xué)歷高等教育機(jī)構(gòu)年檢不通過(guò) 新京報(bào)訊 據(jù)首都教育微信
快資訊2024-11-20 22:57:35
原標(biāo)題:教育廳公示!兩所新大學(xué),來(lái)了 11月18日,湖北省教育廳發(fā)布《關(guān)于擬
快資訊2024-11-20 22:23:13
原標(biāo)題:假學(xué)歷后續(xù):20人潛逃!4名學(xué)生被捕,1人來(lái)自深圳 近期 香港高校假學(xué)
快資訊2024-11-19 21:43:18
原標(biāo)題:2歲男童下樓買(mǎi)糖時(shí)被人拐走 今天庭審! 11月19日 河南 盧新航被拐案今
快資訊2024-11-19 21:35:25
原標(biāo)題:16歲中學(xué)生獲正高職稱后續(xù):簡(jiǎn)歷網(wǎng)頁(yè)已撤,公號(hào)信息已刪除 近日,一
快資訊2024-11-15 20:54:40
原標(biāo)題:大連一考場(chǎng)外,父親站在房車(chē)頂上等待孩子!穿旗袍的家長(zhǎng)很多! 近
快資訊2024-11-13 20:01:01